Soil Science
Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 5-11
e-mail:
biskupand@poczta.onet.pl
DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CONTENTS OF CARBON AND NUTRIENTS IN EXPERIMENT WITH MANY YEARS' SIMPLIFICATIONS IN CULTIVATION
ZRÓŻNICOWANIE ZAWARTOŚCI WĘGLA I SKŁADNIKÓW POKARMOWYCH W DOŚWIADCZENIU Z WIELOLETNIM STOSOWANIEM UPROSZCZEŃ W UPRAWIE ROLI
Abstract:
many years' microplot experiment was carried out at Jelcz-Laskowice on soil formation composed of weakly loamy sand (humus layer) with loose sand under the humus layer. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of different systems of tillage (traditional, simplified, zero) on the contents and displacement of carbon and nutrients in the soil. There were also applied two variants of straw management: straw left on or removed from the plots. The greatest quantities of carbon and nutrients were found in the uppermost soil layer in the treatments with zero tillage. After many years' traditional cultivation the components were found to have accumulated in the deeper soil layers. No significant influence of straw management on the contents of carbon or nutrients was proved.
Key words:
soil, carbon, nutrients, simplified cultivation.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 12-21
Phosphorus adsorption by organic and mineral parts of soil
Sorpcja fosforanów przez część mineralną i organiczną gleby
Abstract:
Each year about 125 000 tons of phosphorus compounds are flowing from the area of Poland to the Baltic sea. Mainly, it is phosphorus that origins from industry and home household and in some trace amount probably from agriculture and forest area entranced by erosion process. The agricultural area not entranced by erosion process can not enriched flow waters for phosphorus – H2PO4 because the sorption potential of this element by soil is very high. Soil on one ha (down 110 cm) adsorbed on average from 2.07 to 2.60 ton of phosphorus and 25.7% in those amounts are binding by organic parts of soil (Table 2 and Figures 2,3,4). About 50% of total amount of adsorbed phosphorus is binded in organic matter in the top horizons Ap of soil profile.
Key words:
phosphorus, sorption, humus, pH.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 22-28
e-mail:
debska@utp.edu.pl
INFLUENCE OF BIO-STIMULATORS OF ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION ON THE PROPERTIES OF HUMIC ACIDS
WPŁYW BIOSTYMULATORÓW ROZKŁADU MATERII ORGANICZNEJ NA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI KWASÓW HUMINOWYCH
Abstract:
The aim of the present paper was to define the effect of adding bio-stimulators of organic matter decomposition (BETA-LIQ the Czech Republic); TRICHOMIL (BIOMA, Slovakia)) on the humic acids properties. The studied matter had been subject to conventional and reduced tillage system. Soil was sampled after three years of the application of bio-stimulators in June and October. From the soil samples there were isolated humic acids (HAs) for which the following analyses were made: elemental composition, UV-VIS, HPLC and HAs susceptibility to oxidation was determined. It was shown that humic acids from soil without bio-stimulators added demonstrated a lower content of hydrogen, higher content of oxygen and a lower value of H/C ratio (in spring) as compared with humic acids isolated from the samples from the variants with bio-stimulators. The application of the bio-stimulators modified the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of humic acids. Humic acids isolated from the samples from the plots after the application of BETA-LIQ showed higher values of the HIL/HOB ratio, as compared with the humic acids from soil of the variant with TRICHOMIL.
Słowa
kluczowe:
skład pierwiastkowy, widma
UV-VIS, podatność na utlenianie, HPLC.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 29-38
e-mail: elzbieta.gieguzynska@agro.ar.szczecin.pl
COMPARISON OF UV-VIS SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF the pyrophosphate and alkaline FRACTIONS of HUMIC ACIDS
PORÓWNANIE WŁAŚCIWOŚCI SPEKTRALNYCH W ZAKRESIE UV-VIS pirofosforanowej i alkalicznej FRAKCJI KWASÓW HUMINOWYCH
Abstract:
In this study the results of
ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic investigations of humic acids fractions (HA),
originating from three deluvial soils of Western Pomerania, are reported. Two
fractions of HA obtained by using two step successive extraction were
analysed: HA-P – from neutral pyrophosphate extract and HA-N –
from alkaline one. UV-VIS absorption spectra, values of 
coefficients at discrete wavelengths as
well as the ratios of absorbances:
A254/A365, A280/A365, A280/A465,
A400/A600, A465/A665 (E4/E6)
have been compared. Our results proved that spectroscopic parameters are useful
for good discriminating between both fraction of HA. It was also showed, that
UV absorption parameters are significantly correlated with Al content in HA preparations.
Key words:
humic acids, deluvial soils, UV-visible spectroscopy, absorbance ratios.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 39-44
e-mail:
debska@utp.edu.pl
INFLUENCE OF POPLAR plantationsON THE PROPERTIES OF SOIL HUMIC ACIDS
WPŁYW UPRAWY TOPOLI NA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI KWASÓW HUMINOWYCH GLEB
Abstract:
The aim of the present paper was to determine the properties of humic acids of soils under poplar plantations and soils under agricultural use. The research involved soil sampled in the central and western part of Poland from poplar plantations of different age established on post-arable land and soil sampled from arable land and meadow soil. The soils were sampled at the depth of 0–7.5 and 7.5–25 cm. From the soil samples there were isolated humic acids (HAs) for which the following analyses were performed: elemental composition, UV-VIS and IR spectra and the susceptibility to oxidation of humic acids (HAs) was defined. HAs of soils under poplar plantations demonstrated a higher susceptibility to oxidation and higher values of absorbance ratios in UV-VIS, as compared with HAs of arable soils. The elemental composition of HAs was determined by the soil type, and it depended on the soil agricultural use method inconsiderably only.
Key words:
poplar plantation, humic acids, elemental composition, UV-VIS spectra, susceptibility to oxidation.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 45-48
e-mail:
bioch@utp.edu.pl
Effect of FERTILIZATION WITH FARMYARD MANURE AND MINERAL NITROGEN on THE ACTIVITY OF ARYLSULPHATASE AND CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHATE (VI) SULPHUR IN SOIL
WPŁYW NAWOŻENIA OBORNIKIEM I AZOTEM NA AKTYWNOŚĆ ARYLOSULFATAZY I ZAWARTOŚĆ SIARKI SIARCZANOWEJ (VI) W GLEBIE
Abstract:
The activity of arylsulphatase determined according to Tabatabai and Bremner and sulphate (VI) sulphur assayed as described by Bardsley and Lancaster were studied in soil under winter wheat fertilized with varied doses of farmyard manure (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t·ha–1) and mineral nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg·ha–1). A significant effect of both experimental factors on the activity of the enzyme and concentrations of sulphate (VI) sulphur was found. Both studied parameters changed over growing period of the winter wheat.
Key words:
soil, arylsulphatase, sulphate sulphur (VI), fertilization.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume 60,
Issue 1, 2008, Pp 49-54
e -mail:
J.Kwiatkowska@gik.pw.edu.pl
INFLUENCE OF BROWN COAL ON PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAPLIC LUVISOLS
WPŁYW WĘGLA BRUNATNEGO NA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYKOCHEMICZNE GLEBy płowej
Abstract:
The long-term, static experiments were carried out in stoneware pots sank into the ground. Soil originated from loamy sand on sandy loam (Haplic Luvisols) was mixed with brown coal in a dose of 140 g per pot, which is an equivalent to 5 tons of organic carbon per ha. Addition of brown coal increased soil reaction and sorptive properties, as well as contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen in direct and indirect reaction. Based on these results it can be stated that the brown coal applied into soil can be used for improvement of sorptive properties of very light soil.
Key words:
brown coal, physical-chemical properties, organic carbon, total nitrogen.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 55-59
e-mail:
bioch@utp.edu.pl
CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF THE MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE
ZAWARTOŚĆ ORGANICZNYCH ZWIĄZKÓW WĘGLA I FOSFORU ORAZ AKTYWNOŚĆ ENZYMATYCZNA RyZOSFERY KUKURYDZY
Abstract:
A significant effect of fertilization with farmyard manure and mineral nitrogen on changes of activities of enzymes as well as on the content of organic compounds of carbon and phosphorus was studied. The highest activity of the oxidoreductive and hydrolytic enzymes was found in the rhizosphere samples taken from the objects fertilized with the FYM dose of 40 t·ha–1. Mineral nitrogen used in the dose 90 kg·ha–1 caused a significantly increase of both investigated macroelements.
Key words:
carbon, phosphorus, catalase, dehydrodenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, rhizosphere.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 60-68
e-mail: michal.licznar@up.wroc.pl
Changes of humic substances in orchards under many years` herbicide fallow
Zmiany związków humusowych w sadach utrzymywanych w wieloletnim ugorze herbicydowym
Abstract:
The results of the study indicate that cultivation of monoculture fruit trees in many years` herbicide fallow affected the quantity and quality changes of the soil organic matter. Application of herbicide fallow in period of 15 years caused a significant increase of organic carbon under plantations of cherry tree and the natural crossing (cherry trees – sweet cherry trees). Under the apple tree, sweet cherry and peach trees orchards the process of humification led to the formation of greater amounts of humic and fulvic acids. The most intensive process of soil acidification under peach tree cultivation effected by significant decrease of humic acids bounded with calcium.
Key words:
orchard monocultures, herbicide fallows, organic matter transformation.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 69-76
e-mail:
michal.licznar@up.wroc.pl
HUMIC SUBSTANCES OF FALLOWED SOILS AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ZWIĄZKI PRÓCHNICZNE GLEB ODŁOGOWANYCH NA TLE ICH WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYKOCHEMICZNYCH
Abstract:
The study was aimed at determining the influence of soils fallowing on their physicochemical properties and quantitative and qualitative composition of humic substances. The object of studies were soils of neighboring allotment gardens varied in respect with fallowing time applied 0, 12, 20 and 26 years. The results shows that fallowing of soils of the allotment gardens increases acidity, decalcitation and decreases cations exchangable capacity (CEC). In fallowed sandy soils there occurs accumulation of organic matter. This soils have also lower humification degree than tillaged soils. Fractionate composition of humic substances in fallowed soils is correlated with their physicochemical properties.
Key words:
fallowing, physicochemical properties, fractionate composition of humic substances.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 77-84
e-mail: slawomir.ligeza@up.lublin.pl
DETERMINATION OF LITHOLOGICAL DISCONTINUITIES WITHIN THE SOILS
NIECIĄGŁOŚCI LITOLOGICZNE W GLEBACH I ICH WYRÓŻNIANIE
Abstract:
The problem of lithological discontinuities is an interdisciplinary issue which combines the disciplines of earth sciences, such as geology, geomorphology, sedimentology, and pedology. A lithological discontinuity is a significant change in lithology within a soil or can denote an age difference. Methods of determining and describing lithological discontinuities, which are often subjective, may also be disputable. There are no definite changes in values of profile properties useful for distinguishing discontinuities. The criteria established should be treated rather as a guideline than a standard. The analysis of laboratory data and a posteriori reasoning play a significant role in determining discontinuities. The broad outline of the 5th Polish Classification of soils requires adding of diagnostic indicators typical of lithological discontinuities. Information on that subject are contained in Keys to Soil Taxonomy and the second edition of WRB report, two important and universally accepted soil science mono-graphs. The inclusion of those materials in Polish soil taxonomy would allow unification with the international systems.
Key words:
lithological discontinuities, diagnostic criteria.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 85-91
e-mail:
arek_niew@interia.pl
HUMUS CONTENT AND ITS RELATION WITH BUFFER capacITY AND GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION In Soils OF FALLOWS AND AGRICULTURAL LANDS
PRÓCHNICZNOŚĆ ORAZ JEJ ZWIĄZKI Z BUFOROWOŚCIĄ I SKŁADEM GRANULOMETRYCZNYMGLEB ODŁOGOWANYCH I UŻYTKOWANYCH ROLNICZO
Abstract:
Article presents the results of research regarding the mutual relations between humus content and granulometric composition and buffer abilities of soils under different land use. Study area was located on the grounds of former open-cast sulphur mine „Machów” which have been reclamated since the middle 70. of the previous century. Measured properties showed their variable correlation. The results were described under consideration of causes.
Key words:
humus, buffer properties, reaction, land use.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 92-96
e-mail:
apiotr@utp.edu.pl
SEQUENTIAL EFFECT OF MINERAL, ORGANIC AND MINERAL-ORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON UREASE ACTIVITY UNDER RED CLOVER AND WINTER WHEAT
NASTĘPCZY WPŁYW NAWOŻENIA MINERALNEGO, ORGANICZNEGO I MINERALNO-ORGANICZNEGO NA AKTYWNOŚĆ UREAZY GLEBOWEJ SPOD UPRAWY KONICZYNY CZERWONEJ I PSZENICY OZIMEJ
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to determine sequential effects of long-term fertilization on the urease activity. Soil was sampled from 14 mineral, organic and mineral-organic fertilization combinations under red clover (2001 year) and winter wheat (2003 year) from the Ap horizon four times a year: April, May, June and October. Urease activity ranged from 0.10–0.64 mg N-NH4+· kg–1· h–1 and was higher in soil collected in 2001 than in 2003 year. The highest enzyme activity was noted in soil samples taken in May in both years of investigation. No clear tendency was observed in urease activity as dependent on different mineral, organic and mineral-organic fertilization.
Key words:
soil, urease, mineral, organic and mineral-organic fertilization.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 97-101
e-mail:
glebozn@uni.lodz.pl
CONTENT OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SOILS FERTILIZED WITH EM PREPARATION
ZAWARTOŚĆ ZWIĄZKÓW PRÓCHNICZNYCH W GLEBACH NAWOŻONYCH PREPARATEM EM
Abstract:
After the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) preparation on arable light soil content and fractional composition of organic matter were researched. Significant diversity of particular organic matter fractions was ascertained in dependence on experimental variant. After a year from fertilization the differences between the organic matter content in soils were proved. Slight increase in hardly soluble humus fractions on field with EM fertilization was detected. Subsequent studies with higher EM amounts were planned.
Key words:
effective microorganisms EM, fractional composition of humus.
Soil Science Annual (Roczniki Gleboznawcze)
Volume
60, Issue 1, 2008, Pp 102-106
THE CONTENTS OF CARBON AND NUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL AFTER MANY YEARS' USE OF DIFERENT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS
ZAWARTOŚĆ WĘGLA ORAZ SKŁADNIKÓW POKARMOWYCH W GLEBIE PO WIELOLETNIM STOSOWANIU RÓŻNYCH SYSTEMÓW UPRAWY ROLI
Abstract:
In the fields of the IUNG Experimental Station at Jelcz-Laskowice, on soil formed out of heavy loamy sand on light loam, a static cultivation experiment was carried out since 1995. There were compared three systems of soil cultivation: 1) traditional: mouldboard ploughing, shoe drill sowing; 2) simplified: cultivating, shoe drill sowing; 3) zero: direct sowing into uncultivated soil with a cutting discs drill. In August 2007 soil samples were drawn from the layers 0–2, 2–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm for determination of C org., available K, P, Mg and pH. Many years' successive use of zero and simplified cultivation brought about an increase in the contents of nutrients in the uppermost layers of the soil profile with 30 cm thickness. Traditional cultivation was characterized by a better effect of the nutrients intermix in the soil layer analysed.
Key words:
carbon content, nutrients, soil cultivation.